The distribution location of 13 root servers: 1 is the main root server, located in the United States. The remaining 12 are auxiliary root servers, of which 9 are located in the United States, 2 in Europe are located in the United Kingdom and Sweden, and 1 in Asia are located in Japan.
That is, if the local DNS server does not find the relevant forward and reverse records (domain name and IP address), the local DNS will find the following root server to resolve:
HOSTNAME IP ADDRESSES OPERATOR
A.root-servers.net 198.41.0.4, 2001:503:ba3e::2:30 Verisign, In C. (United States, Virginia)
B.root-servers.net 199.9.14.201, 2001:500:200::b University Of Southern California, Information Sciences Institute (United States, California)
C.root-servers.net 192.33.4.12, 2001:500:2::c Cogent Communications (Virginia, United States)
D.root-servers.net 199.7.91.13, 2001:500:2d::d Universi Ty of Maryland University of Maryland (Maryland, United States)
E.root-servers.net 192.203.230.10, 2001:500:a8::e NASA (Ames Research Center) U.S. Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S., California)
F.root-servers.net 192.5.5.241, 2001:500:2f::f Inte Rnet Systems Consortium, Inc. Internet Software Alliance (United States, California)
G.root-servers.net 192.112.36.4, 2001:500:12::d0d US Departm Ent of Defense (NIC) United States Department of Defense Network Information Center (Virginia, United States)
H.root-servers.net 198.97.190.53, 2001:500:1:53 US Army ( Research Lab) United States Army Research Institute (Maryland, United States)
I.root-servers.net 192.36.148.17, 2001:7fe::53 Netnod (Stokholm, Sweden)
J.root-servers.net 192.58.128.30, 2001:503:c27::2:30 Verisign, Inc. (Virginia, United States)
K.root-servers.net 193.0.14.129, 2001:7fd::1 RIPE NCC (London, England)
L.root-servers.net 199.7.83.42, 2001:500:9f::42 ICANN (United States , Virginia)
M.root-servers.net 202.12.27.33, 2001:dc3::35 WIDE Pro Ject (Tokyo, Japan)
Root Servers
The authoritative name servers that serve the DNS root zone, commonly known as the “root servers”, a Re a network of hundreds of servers in many countries around the world. They are configured in the DNS root zone as 13 named authorities, as follows.
List of Root Servers
HOSTNAME IP ADDRESSES OPERATOR
A.root-servers.net 198.41.0.4, 2001:503:ba3e::2:30 Verisign, Inc.
B.root-servers.net 199.9.14.201, 2001:500:200::b University of Southern Californ Ia, Information Sciences Institute
C.root-servers.net 192.33.4.12, 2001:500:2::c Cogent Communications
D.root-servers.net 199.7.91.13, 2001:500:2d::d University of Maryland
E.root-servers.net 192.203.230.10, 2001:500:a8::e NASA (Ames Research Center)
F.root-servers.net 192.5.5.241, 2001:500:2f::f Internet Systems Consort Ium, Inc.
G.root-servers.net 192.112.36.4, 2001:500:12::d0d US Department of Defense (NIC)
H.root-servers.net 198.97.190.53, 2001:500:1:53 US Army (Research Lab)
I.root-servers.net 192.36.148.17, 2001:7fe::53 Netnod
J.root-servers.net 192.58.128.30, 2001:503:c27::2:30 Verisign, Inc.
K.root-servers.net 193.0.14.129, 2001:7fd::1 RIPE NCC
L.root-servers.net 199.7.83.42, 2001:500:9f::42 ICANN
M.root-servers.net 202.12.27.33, 2001:dc3::35 WIDE Project
Configuring the Root Servers
Operators who manage a DNS recursive resolver typically need to configure a “root hints file”. This file contains the names and IP addresses of the root servers, so the software can bootstrap the DNS resolution process. For many pieces of software, this list comes built into the software.
For more information, visit information on root zone and root hints access.
Https://root-servers.org
More information
The organisations that operate root servers map the locations of the many root server instances, and Also provide other useful material such as statistics on root server utilization.
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